Wood and Cheese

woodedcheese

Recently there has been a frenzy of articles about cheese manufacturers producing “fake” cheese. It has been said that grated or shredded cheese, particularly parmesan cheese are being adulterated with wood. This is a gross misrepresentation of the actual facts. What is true is that the cheeses contain a food additive known as cellulose, which is commonly derived from wood.

Cellulose is not wood !

Cellulose is a natural polysaccharide found in the stems and branches of many plants. It is the major component responsible for the structural rigidity of plant cell walls (mammalian cells do not have cell walls). There are many valid and valuable uses for cellulose in food. Continue reading

Rabies and the Little Boy Who Didn’t Cry Raccoon

littlboyraccoonRecently there was a cute, little, 6-year-old boy bitten by a rabid raccoon. Soon after attack he was taken to the hospital where according to news reports, he was sutured and treated with antibiotics before being released. Later reports, confirmed that the raccoon was indeed rabid, however no additional reports addressed whether the little boy was vaccinated against rabies. Hopefully, he was treated after confirmation of the raccoons rabidity, but this type of reporting leads to confusion amongst the populace regarding what to do in case of a rabid animal bite. Continue reading

Corrosive Water and the Flint Michigan Crisis

By now we have all know about the water crisis in Flint Michigan. Tons of articles have been written discussing the politics surrounding the Lead contaminated water.  As a result many misconceptions have arisen, for example; many people assume that when it is said that the water was “corrosive” that, that meant the Flint River water was contaminated with lead already. This however is not the case. What if I told you that water sources such as rivers and lakes  can be naturally corrosive? What if I told you that lead is not the only  substance in the Flint water that residents should be concerned about? Continue reading

Difficulty with C.Diff: A Personal Account

As we transition into the colder weather, many people will get sick. Seasonally, the most likely cause of illness will be from the common cold or influenza (flu). Many will seek treatment, and request antibiotics. However, the cold and flu are caused by viruses, and antibiotics can do little to nothing in their treatment. Many people are not aware, that over-use of antibiotics can be harmful. Even when antibiotics are correctly taken to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia or strep throat, there can be a down side to treatment. Such is the case with “Tiffany Lotus”(name has been changed due to sensitive nature of this condition), who after treatment with antibiotics for reoccurring Urinary Tract Infections developed C. Difficile Colitis.

Stacia (aliquot the science spot interviewer):  Infection with C.diff is opportunistic, meaning it occurs after there has been a disruption of the normal flora or microbiota of your gut. This could be a result of antibiotic use. Was your colonization subsequent to antibiotic treatment?

Tiffany L.: Yes Continue reading

Natalie Cole & the Big Bad Wolves: Hepatitis C, Pulmonary Hypertension, & Renal Failure

When I hear a Nat King Cole song or a duet by Natalie Cole with her late great father, I think of summer afternoons driving down Ocean Parkway, heading to Coney Island with my Dad and sisters.

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Natalie Cole was a great singer in her own right, and recently passed away from Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension, which was undoubtedly a complication of kidney disease, subsequent to treatment for Hepatitis C – which she suffered from for over 2 decades of her life.

According to this article Natalie Cole  had undergone chemotherapeutic treatment for Hepatitis C that lead to her development of Kidney Failure in just a matter of months. Subsequently she was on hemodialysis until she received a kidney transplant in 2009. She contracted Hepatitis C from intravenous drug use, to which she has admitted to.

Pulmonary hypertension is associated with receiving hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. There is a 5 – 14% prevalence of Pulmonary Hypertension associated with renal transplant, and the prevalence with hemodialysis is as high as approximately 50%. Signs and symptoms of Pulmonary hypertension are often masked, and diagnosis may only be confirmed after right ventricular  heart failure develops. The condition is a progressive disorder, that increases both morbidity (sickness) and mortality (death). Irreversible heart failure ensues followed by death.

Hepatitis C

Hepatitis is the term for liver Inflammation. Hepatitis can be caused by many pathogens, but the main cause is viral hepatitis. There are 5 types of viral hepatitis of which Hepatitis C is one.

Hepatitis C was first characterized as non-A-non-B-hepatatis. Discovered in 1989, after an outbreak of chronic hepatitis in transfusion recipients in the 1970’s, the RNA virus causes an infectious disease that affects only humans and chimpanzees.

Hepatitis C is spread  directly from person-to person, primarily through intravenous drug use or unprotected sex (usually anal sex). It is spread through the blood and through circulation infects the Liver; where it enters the hepatocyte (liver cells) and replicates more of the virus. Therefore, It can also be contracted during blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and dialysis (if contamination is present). Tattooing and piercing are also a risk.

Once contracted the virus causes acute hepatitis which might spontaneously resolve on its own. In those whom fail to clear the virus on their own, chronic hepatitis ensues. The disease is often asymptomatic, and therefore many who are infected are unaware. Clinical manifestations present as jaundice, enlarged liver, and anorexia. The disease eventually may progress to Liver Cirrhosis and/or Liver Cancer, this often occurs within 10 to 20 years of having the disease.  Unlike Hepatitis B, there is no inoculation vaccine available against Hepatitis C.

images.jpegDespite of all this, Natalie Cole continued to sing, tour, and lead a productive life. She never gave in, and or that she will always be “Unforgettable…that’s what you are…and forevermore that’s how you’ll stay”. RIP Natalie Cole.

 

 

 

 

 

Cyanide and the Vanishing Capsules.

Back when I was in the Third grade, I got a really bad burn on my shoulder…long story for another day. I remember though, that my mom popped open a Tylenol capsule and poured the white powder over the raw pink skin that was exposed, before bandaging me up and sending me off to school. Yes, this was in the early 1990’s when people were more resilient and didn’t run to the emergency room, seemingly as often, but I digress. Has anyone else ever wondered why two piece hard capsules have virtually disappeared ? Now we have pills that look like capsules but, can no-longer be pulled apart and easily emptied of their content. What ever happened to those hard capsule pills that dominated the over-the-counter pain-killer market. Continue reading

Missing in Action: laboratory chronicles

I know I have been M.I.A. guys, sorry! I have been busy in the laboratory; cleaning it out and conducting an elaborate experiment. Both have been time-consuming and laborious, and I’d rather not post an article at all, than to post one that is insufficient and lack-luster.

The thing about it is, research in academia is far different that in industry(university vs. company); budgets can be much smaller, labs more congested, and resources and supplies far fewer. In the case of the lab I am in, my mentor inherited it from the department after another professor left. With that, he inherited lots of old supplies and equipment, which created a lot of clutter. For safety reasons, and flow of work, that clutter had to be cleared. Unfortunately, a lot of that work falls down to the graduate students.

It can be very overwhelming, when you don’t have all the supplies and equipment you need to do the work you want to do. I had been hunting an inverted microscope with a camera for some time, and begging for the purchase of other needed equipment. At one point, I had a moment of weakness, and broke-down crying. Thankfully my lab-partner was there to console me and counsel me back to sanity (the walk to get pizza also helped).  Eventually, I was able to use a microscope in another lab. It is so important to build amicable and good working relationships with your fellow researcher. If it were not for these kind-hearted people, I would be lost.

In better news, weeks spent ordering supplies, reading a multitude of scientific journal articles, setting up experiments, and recording data have paid off. My work has thus far been successful, and I am very happy because it is very possible to do all that work, and have your experiment fail! Below is an image of the cells I’ve been working on and was able to capture on camera:

0.01uM+R+-Pb_TrapStn_SN (2)

 

Miconceptions in Science

One of the main reasons I started this blog was to bridge the gap between  the science community and the general public; due to many misconceptions that people hold about who scientists are. Just recently, two prime examples of science misconceptions have surfaced in mainstream and social media : women in science, and religion in science.

Women and Science

British winners of the 2001 Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine Dr Tim Hunt (R) and Sir Paul Nur..Sir Tim Hunt a British Scientist, made disparaging comments about women working alongside men in the lab. At the World Conference of Science Journalists, on June 9, 2015, this Nobel Prize winning biochemist said “three things happen when they are in the lab; you fall in love with them, they fall in love with you, and you criticize them, they cry”. He later apologized for his statement, essentially by stating that he was speaking from his personal experiences with women in his labs. He still however maintained that genders should be separated in order to not undermine the science; in effort to minimize distractions.

womeninscienceSocial media lit up, with women scientist on twitter using the hash-tag  “distractinglysexy” to convey their disdain for the remarks made, by Sir Tim Hunt. You can read more about it here. This goes to show that women still experience much gender bias in science. Even when the playing field is supposed to be leveled, they are often still viewed as objects of love or as being too emotional to be practical enough to conduct  good science.

Religion and Science

Another fallacy of science is that a person cannot be both a scientist and believe in God. That science and religion are mutually exclusive. However it would surprise many to know that Pope Francis is indeed a Chemist. Before the papacy he earned his Masters degree in Chemistry from the University of Buenos Aires.

popememe

In school, we are taught that many early scientist were shunned and persecuted by the Catholic church for their findings. This is a partial truth, in actuality the Church as supported educational institutions including the study of science. In addition, many scientist also are devout Christians or followers of other God centered faiths. Most famously we have Gregor Mendel, Johannes Kepler – mathematician and astronomer, Nicholas Copernicus – astronomer, and Isaac Newton.

For example, Gregor Mendel was an Augustinian priest and botanist. He lived in the 19th century, from 1822 to 1884, and  is credited with being the founder of genetics. He discovered the principles of genetics with his hybridization studies on the garden pea (Pisum Sativum). From him we got Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance and Mendelian Genetics. His conducted his work in the garden (glasshouse) of his monastery.

Summary

One thing science teaches us is to not be biased. Bias is the number one foe of good science, because it takes away from its credibility and allows for the overlooking of error. Various types of people become scientists, and the stereotypical male nerd type is not necessarily the standard, at least not anymore.

Dose Makes the Poison: WATER INTOXICATION

Last week we discussed the controversy and fear surrounding the safety of energy drinks like Red Bull. It’s interesting to see how people will rush to believe that certain things are inherently dangerous while believing that other things simply could not be. People are often shocked to learn that WATER can be toxic to your health.

Yes! Simple H2O can kill you. You might be saying to yourself…”well yes, if you get it into your lungs…”, but ingesting water can be toxic to your health also. If you drink too much water in a given period of time you can become very ill and even die from water intoxication. Continue reading

For the NERD….I mean SCIENTIST in your life

When you specialize in any of the STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) people often assume you’re a nerd. A friend once said to me “so how nerdy are you?” I didn’t even know how to respond because I don’t consider myself a nerd, I mean not really – not in the stereotypical sense at least. I never really thought much about it I guess, because when people see me they usually assume I’m in the fashion industry or something (my little sister is actually). So, I started wondering, then I realized I kind of am a bit geeky.

For instance, I was doing a little online window shopping on ModCloth – looking for some summertime lab-friendly attire (who else does that?) and stumbled upon some cool science themed items.  Of course I must be a nerd because I was extremely excited about this. There is a neurotransmitter bracelet, beaker shaped shot glasses, test tube desk organizer, and even a female chromosome t-shirt. If you’re ever at a loss for a gift for the nerd…*cough* I mean the scientist in your life, check out these great ideas:

neurotransbraceletmodclotherackspicechemshotglass modclothteainfusermodclothvitapensmodclothauringmodclothauearmodclothdeskorgmodclothteexx